Nursing Care Plan and Evaluation Free Essays

Directions: 1. The nursing care plan assessment depends on the use of models suitable for the student’s range of abilities. 2. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nursing Care Plan and Evaluation or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now All nursing care plans must be composed (Times New Roman, 12 point text style). The nursing care plan structure is accessible on Blackboardâ„ ¢ in each clinical course. 3. The reviewing rubric must be appended †last page of nursing care plan. 4. All important appraisal devices utilized (physical, mental, or mental for example Braden Skin Assessment, Fall Risk) must be appended. HIPAA (Health Information Privacy and Protection Act) orders all medicinal services suppliers secure patient protection. Just data that the patient explicitly discharges might be imparted to other people. Just expert people (understudies and educators) engaged with care are permitted access to the social insurance data. The understudy ought to be wary about what data is shared verbally and with whom. On the off chance that the understudy is drawn nearer for persistent data by somebody who indicates to have authority, the best game-plan is to allude that person to the fitting authoritative staff. IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF INDIANA †REGION 6 NURSING PROGRAM NURSING HISTORY PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FORM Understudy _________________________ Date of Care __1-26-2010 to 1-27______ Facility/Unit _Oncology_BMH___ Instructor Wellbeing History Historical Data: Patient’s Initials _DH___ Age __79__ Gender__F__ Martial status: Widow__ DOB: _7/29/1930__________ Origination: Randolph County__ Ethnic cause/Race: _Caucasian_ Occupation: past production line worker_ Work status : retired_________ Educational foundation __High school______________ History source initials ___Pt__ Relationship to customer __self__________________ Transcultural Considerations: (Time, space, contact, esteem direction, language contemplations, otherworldly convictions, instruction level) Pt communicates in English. Secondary school was the most elevated instruction got. She worked at a production line for quite a long time and afterward quit to remain at home and bring up her two children. Extraordinary Needs: Walker Purposes behind Seeking Care: (Brief explanation in patient’s words that depicts explanation behind visit †Chief Complaint) Pt states she is here because of her ovarian malignancy. Past Health History: Estimated hospitalization dates: 1/17/2010 Genuine or Chronic Illnesses (Approximate beginning): Pt has a hx of: HTN, gallbladder ailment, hiatal hernia, ulcers, diabetes type 2, hypothyroidism, melancholy, ovarian malignant growth, joint pain, headaches, waterfalls and a correct leg fx. Pt has likewise had these medical procedures: hysterectomy, appendectomy, waterfalls, cholecystectomy, colon resection, hernia, thyroidectomy, tonsillectomy, and adenoidectomy. Obstetric Rotation Current Obstetric Assessment: Gravidity ______ Term ______ Preterm ______ Abortions ______ Living ______ Blood classification _____ Rh Factor _____ LMP _______ EDC _______ RhoGAM Status ______ DTR ________ (if relevant) Date Time of Delivery __________________________________ Sort of Delivery ___ SVD ___ Forceps ____ Vacuum ____ Cesarean Section ___________ Anesthesia/Analgesia _______ EBL Perineum: ______ Intact ______ Episiotomy _____ Laceration Location__________________ Kindly note any current obstetrical issues/difficulties (GDM, pre-eclampsia, and so forth.) It would be ideal if you note any past obstetrical issues/confusions: (Condition, term, treatment) Newborn child Data: Sexual orientation ___________Apgar Score ___/___ Gestational Age _____weeks Cord Vessels_____ Taking care of strategy ______ Weight at Birth _______ Length at Birth ________ Blood classification Rh ______ Direct Coombs ________ (whenever known) Inconveniences at Delivery: Connection Behaviors: Hypersensitivities: Prescriptions: _Vaseline, Tetanus, Penicillin, Codeine, Aspirin, Morphine, Sulfa ___________ What sort of response was experienced: __Rash, hives, facial growing, Headache, _______ Nourishments: ___NA________________________________________________________________ What sort of response was experienced:_Na_________________________________________ Contact: __NA________________________________________________________________ What sort of response was experienced:__NA________________________________________ Current Home Medications: (all solution, over the counter, home and home grown cures, incorporate exchange or nonexclusive name, portion, and recurrence) Reason for taking drug (tolerant expressed). 1. Lisinopril 20 mg 1 tab q pm day by day brings down BP 2. Levothyroxine 100 mcg 1 tab qdsync day by day thyroid substitution 3. Ondansetron IV 4-8 mg q6hr or PRN-queasiness drug 4. Sennosides 8.6 mg 1 tab day by day for stoppage 5. Polyethylene glycol 17 gr powder day by day take with 8 oz of water-for stoppage 6. Demecloclycline 300 mg 1 tab TID-tx of microbes 7. Nystatin 5 mL QID wash and spit-tx of parasite 8. Insulin Reg (Human) PRN with sliding scale-for diabetes 9. Promethazine 12.5 +5mL q8hr weaken with 9mL NS preceding IV with max rate 25mg/min †assists with sickness and utilized for antihistamine 10. Hydromorphine brand: Dilaudid 2 mg q2hr or PRN-per torment Substance use: (Frequency and sum) Tobacco ___Past hx for 40+ years _________ Liquor ___hx of intermittent ____________________________________________ Unlawful medications __none____________________________________________________________ Family ancestry: (Health status or reason for death of blood family members showed in a genogram design) Family Social Support Systems: Pt has a little girl and child that visit her day by day. She additionally has a granddaughter that visits a couple of times. Physical Assessment Essential Medical Diagnosis: _______Hyposmality___________________________________________________________________ Secondary Medical Diagnoses: __Ovarian Ca Tallness __5’5†______ Weight ___182_____ Head Circumference (if 2 yrs old enough) _________________ TPR _98.5 †66 †28_____ B/P __142/77____ Pain Score ___10___Pain Goal __0___ BMI ___30_______ Oxygen Saturation _92____ Supplemental Oxygen _2L___ Diet: __general with 1500 ml liquid restriction____Consumption % __less than 10% General Appearance: Pt is a multi year old female with silver hair. She is sitting up on the BSC with a pad despite her good faith and a pad in her grasp squeezing against her abd. Breakfast plate is sitting before her yet she is reluctant to eat. Pt states she â€Å"just harms so terrible from the constipation.† Pain medications had just been given to her. Patient’s Health Promotion Activities At Home: Pt utilizes a walker at home. Site Assessment of Invasive Lines and Drainage Tubes: (Note area, type, and discoveries) PICC line in right upper chest without any indications of redness or wounding. There is an IV in her upper right arm that makes them wound. Mental Status †General Impression: (append screening apparatus/results whenever utilized) An O X3. Pt here and there is by all accounts somewhat confounded. Skin, Hair Nails: Braden Scale Score: ___19 LOW _______ (appended) Skin is warm/dry/unblemished. Pt has a wound over her left antecubital territory and on left hand because of a past IV. She has a scar from her gallbladder medical procedure that is as yet recuperating without any indications of contamination. She likewise has an appendectomy scar from a past medical procedure years prior. Hair is full and thick. Nails of both upper and lower furthest points are yellow with top off. The most effective method to refer to Nursing Care Plan and Evaluation, Papers

Motivation of Psychology Graduate Essay Example for Free

Inspiration of Psychology Graduate Essay The scientists expect to decide the adapting methodologies and level of inspiration of chose Psychology graduates with respect to their own issues in District One Laguna. In particular, the scientists look to build up answer to the accompanying inquiries. 1. What is the degree of inspiration of the brain science graduates concerning their own issues? 2. What are the adapting procedures utilized by the brain science graduates with respect to their own issues? 3. Is there a huge connection between the adapting methodologies and level of inspiration of chose Psychology graduates concerning their own issues? 4. What are the variables influencing the degree of inspiration of chosen Psychology graduates in region one Laguna? 5. How do the Psychology graduates utilize their significant scholastic subjects they concentrated in managing their own issues? 6. Is their course Psychology accommodating to keep their selves persuaded? 7. Do Psychology graduates have a preferred position as far as adapting distressing life occasions? 8. Do Psychology graduates despite everything actualize what they have concentrated in the wake of graduating? 9. What is the significant trouble that they have experienced in their own lives?

Automate Your Marketing Efforts with MeisterTask and SharpSpring

Automate Your Marketing Efforts with MeisterTask and SharpSpring To all of our patient marketers out there, the day has finally come! Your favorite marketing automation companion has been supercharged with a MeisterTask integration. Meaning that you can now connect SharpSpring with MeisterTask using Zapier! Strike while the iron is hot is a rule that most modern-day marketers abide by diligently. It is crucial to act and act fast when it comes to sealing the deal and acquiring new customers. In an ideal world, there’d exist a perfect cohesion between marketing and sales. But,  reality is far from ideal as marketers need to constantly keep track of hundreds of leads. This involves expertly sorting those with potential from those that are simply not interested. Up until now, this was often a manual and laborious process. Enter SharpSpring About SharpSpring SharpSpring is a highly-rated global provider of affordable, cloud-based marketing automation. Marketing agencies and businesses around the world rely on SharpSpring to generate leads, improve conversions to sales, and drive higher returns on marketing investments. Known for innovation, open architecture, and exceptional customer support, SharpSpring offers flexible monthly contracts at a fraction of the price of its competitors. Task Management with SharpSpring and MeisterTask Still, a large part of marketing activities involves keeping track of campaigns, performance, sales and most importantly leads, because leads mean business. And, following through just got a whole lot easier with the SharpSpring MeisterTask integration. Connecting your SharpSpring and MeisterTask accounts will enable you to work more efficiently â€" smarter, not harder. The integration is facilitated through Zapier, a tool which allows you to connect your favorite and most used apps together, and, through that connection, automate processes and create super speedy little workflows â€" appropriately called Zaps. You can transform your SharpSpring notifications and forms automatically into tasks using Zaps.  That way you’ll always have an overview of what’s new, what needs your attention and, what needs to be done. How to Create Zaps Create a Zap to add your new SharpSpring leads to your ‘New Leads Project Board’ on MeisterTask. That way you have a snapshot of all the new leads generated. This allows for easy follow-up and makes sure you never drop the ball or let hot leads go cold. How? Create a new project on MeisterTask where all your SharpSpring leads can get zapped to, then simply use this Zap template below: (Please note: you will be asked to create a free Zapier account to use Zaps) While you’re at it, create a Zap that will allow you to turn every new form filled out on SharpSpring into a MeisterTask task? You can use this Zap template below: Alternatively, you can visit Zapier to play around and create your own Zaps from scratch. That way you can use whichever triggers, actions and filters you like: Create Zaps Automate Your Marketing Efforts with MeisterTask and SharpSpring To all of our patient marketers out there, the day has finally come! Your favorite marketing automation companion has been supercharged with a MeisterTask integration. Meaning that you can now connect SharpSpring with MeisterTask using Zapier! Strike while the iron is hot is a rule that most modern-day marketers abide by diligently. It is crucial to act and act fast when it comes to sealing the deal and acquiring new customers. In an ideal world, there’d exist a perfect cohesion between marketing and sales. But,  reality is far from ideal as marketers need to constantly keep track of hundreds of leads. This involves expertly sorting those with potential from those that are simply not interested. Up until now, this was often a manual and laborious process. Enter SharpSpring About SharpSpring SharpSpring is a highly-rated global provider of affordable, cloud-based marketing automation. Marketing agencies and businesses around the world rely on SharpSpring to generate leads, improve conversions to sales, and drive higher returns on marketing investments. Known for innovation, open architecture, and exceptional customer support, SharpSpring offers flexible monthly contracts at a fraction of the price of its competitors. Task Management with SharpSpring and MeisterTask Still, a large part of marketing activities involves keeping track of campaigns, performance, sales and most importantly leads, because leads mean business. And, following through just got a whole lot easier with the SharpSpring MeisterTask integration. Connecting your SharpSpring and MeisterTask accounts will enable you to work more efficiently â€" smarter, not harder. The integration is facilitated through Zapier, a tool which allows you to connect your favorite and most used apps together, and, through that connection, automate processes and create super speedy little workflows â€" appropriately called Zaps. You can transform your SharpSpring notifications and forms automatically into tasks using Zaps.  That way you’ll always have an overview of what’s new, what needs your attention and, what needs to be done. How to Create Zaps Create a Zap to add your new SharpSpring leads to your ‘New Leads Project Board’ on MeisterTask. That way you have a snapshot of all the new leads generated. This allows for easy follow-up and makes sure you never drop the ball or let hot leads go cold. How? Create a new project on MeisterTask where all your SharpSpring leads can get zapped to, then simply use this Zap template below: (Please note: you will be asked to create a free Zapier account to use Zaps) While you’re at it, create a Zap that will allow you to turn every new form filled out on SharpSpring into a MeisterTask task? You can use this Zap template below: Alternatively, you can visit Zapier to play around and create your own Zaps from scratch. That way you can use whichever triggers, actions and filters you like: Create Zaps

A Definition Of A Parable - 953 Words

A definition of a Parable is a short allegorical story designed to illustrate or teach some truth, religious principle, or moral lesson. In this essay, I am going to explore what I think the author in this four character play meant by the title â€Å"Doubt† The play takes place in a Catholic school in the Bronx. The performers are, the school principal Sister Aloysius Beauvier; she is of the order of the Sisters of Charity age about 55, she is watchful, reserved, and unsentimental. Father Brendan Flynn; a working class priest age late thirties, Sister James a nun also of the Sisters of Charity in her twenties and Mrs. Muller age 38 a black women, the mother of the only black student at the school. Some examples of Doubts are, Sister Aloysius puts doubts in Sister James mind on her teaching ability. She criticizes her enthusiasm for teaching history. Clams her love for history risks swaying the children to value it over other subjects. Sister James main goal is to be a good teacher and have the students like her. According to, Sister Aloysius having the students like you is a weakness, they must fear you and if something occurs in the classroom that you don’t understand, you must come to me. Next Sister Aloysius puts Doubts in Sister James mind about Father Flynn. Sister James opinion of him is that he is a brilliant man and a great speaker. Sister Aloysius wants Sister James to be alert for any unusual actions of Father Flynn and is concerned about matters in St NicholasShow MoreRelatedThe Relevence of Parables in the Modern World Essay examples787 Words   |  4 Pageswith my simple answer, yes. I think that the modern world has grown to be ignorant. People will listen, however they will ignore. Perhaps, parables have some effect in the modern world with Christians who want to listen, learn and become a stronger Christian. Many people in the modern world have grown to think the world revolves around them. They also think parables are to old and outdated they think that they are out of touch of the modern society and were only relevant back in Jesus’ time and in ancientRead MoreWhat Is an Essay?1440 Words   |  6 PagesEssay #3 Rough Draft An essay is a creative written piece in which the author uses different styles such as diction, tone, pathos, ethos or logos to communicate a message to the reader using either a personal experience, filled with morals and parables, or a informative text filled with educational terms. Educational terms could mean the usage of complicated and elevated words or simply information you would get in schools. Some authors, such as Cynthia Ozick, claim that an essay has no educationalRead More Garrison Keillors The Prodigal Son vs. Lukes The Parable of the Prodigal Son961 Words   |  4 PagesGarrison Keillors The Prodigal Son vs. Lukes The Parable of the Prodigal Son The classic story of the Prodigal Son is one of the best known parables in literature. A parable is often times described as a short narrative which teaches a moral; however, the plot is more realistic, than say a fable, and the characters are humans as oppose to animals or natural forces within nature. Parables are also presented in a more suggestive tone, which leaves them more open to interpretation. The play ProdigalRead MoreThe Good Samaritan Parable Assignment865 Words   |  4 PagesFry Box #181 Professor Luther The Gospels Good Samaritan Parable Assignment 11.3.17 Observations are attached. The Good Samaritan parable is something you hear a lot in the â€Å"Christian society.† For me, being trained in being a lifeguard, I have that responsibility of being a â€Å"good Samaritan† in a time of need. The parable of this, located in Luke, gives Christians almost an expectation to others. The narrative outside of the parable includes when Jesus sends out the seventy-two. He would sendRead MoreAnalysis Of Elephant In The Village Of The Blind772 Words   |  4 Pagesthem as parables. The parable is a figure of speech characterized by a short narrative, in prose or verse, full of symbols, allegory, and analogy to convey a moral or religious message. The word ‘parable’ comes from the Greek language and means ‘comparison, illustration, analogy’. The two thousand years old Buddhist story â€Å"The Elephant in the Village of the Blind’ portraying simple story, demonstrating universal moral, and using symbols and analogy is the eviden t representative of the parable. To startRead MoreThe Alchemist by Paulo Coelho1003 Words   |  5 Pagesway that it can be easily understood, the novel’s structure and substance is for more complex and profound, making use of interconnected fables in order to reveal a deeper meaning allegorically. This is achieved through the novel’s structure as a parable, the allusions and parallels found in the novel, and the use of archetypes as symbols. An allusion is defined as â€Å"a person, place, or thing that subtly hints at or pints to a commonly understood reference in time or spaceRead MoreThe Parable Of The Lost Sheep1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe parable of the Lost Sheep indicates the shepherd left ninety-nine sheep to find the one lost sheep. Why would Jesus teach to leave ninety-nine sheep for only one lost sheep? Was there another shepherd in-training to look after the ninety-nine or how long was the shepherd gone? Questions our mere mortal minds of 2017 try to answer using current culture ideals. Too often, this generation of believers get bogged down in the details and not the message of the parables. Jesus taught using parablesRead MoreJesus Used Parables to Tell the Truth Abou the Kingdom of God768 Words   |  4 Pages Jesus was famous for telling parables. Throughout his life on earth he told more than forty of them. A parable by definition is a short allegorical story designed to illustrate or te ach some truth, religious principle, or moral lesson. (Harper) When you hear the story, you can relate it to your own life. It is like an illustration for the points in a sermon. It conveys its message of truth through analogy, through comparison or contrast. Jesus spoke to the people in this manner for a few distinctRead MoreJesus and the Use of Parables Essay examples1354 Words   |  6 Pageswas through parables, which he utilized as a method of illustrating insightful and divine truths. Biblical scholar Madeleine Boucher informs audiences that â€Å"the importance of the parables can hardly be overestimated (Boucher, 1977).† Rather than representing simple anecdotes, each parable displays a deeper meaning. Comprehending the Gospel Parables requires an understanding of the definition of a parables, Jesus’ reason for speaking in parables, and the purpose of parables. The parables of JesusRead MorePlato and Gospel: Which One Brings Correct Truth1019 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophical sense, the search for Truth with capital T and knowledge marks the journey of a person to enlightenment. Undoubtedly in the Gospel of Luke, Jesus’s illustrations and parables points repeatedly to different audiences and in different contexts conveying the same message in different connections. Through the parable of lamp, it can be inferred that a person should strive to gains knowledge and once enlightened, the knowledge should be shared with other people in order to give their life a

The Unfortunate Prevalence of Cosmetic Surgery - 1960 Words

Cosmetic Surgery Today Flipping through the pages of Vogues latest edition, 23 year-old Susan seems quite upset. She struggles with the thought of lacking the perfect body and delicate features in order to be considered attractive. Surprisingly, Susan is not alone in this kind of an internal struggle. In contemporary society, every other woman aspires to have the lips of Angelina Jolie and the perfect jaw line of Keira Knightley. Society today looks down upon individuals that do not fit in, whether in terms of body shape or facial attractiveness. This forces them to consider the option of ordering beauty. Since cosmetic surgery is no longer a social taboo in America given its widespread popularity, more people are promoting it which†¦show more content†¦Objectification of Women Ironically speaking, a lot has been talked about the liberation of women and their rights but the idea of cosmetic surgery is pushing women again down the road of being subservient to men and society who solely represent objects of beauty to be admired and made use of. Henderson-King (2005) points out that many women aspire to conform to societys blueprint of beauty, believe themselves to be objects of admiration, and thus view themselves through others perspectives. Moreover, beauty pageants are one of the major culprits in the objectification of women because they judge women primarily based on physical appearance, ignoring aspects such as intelligence and talent. This negatively influences female viewers who receive the same message. A survey conducted at AUS with only women being part of the sample, indicated that 57% believed that they could have been better-looking, following which 46.3% said that it was the media that was influencing them to undergo surgery. Furthermore, like beauty pageants, this pressure to conform to standard prototypes of beauty has transformed previously intellectual shows into a mere display of sensuality. When host Van Susteren of talk-show On the Record shifted from Fox to CNN in 2002, she shocked viewers with a radical makeover via a seriesShow MoreRelatedHow Did You Feel After Learning That Your Son Was Affected By Spina Bifida?3796 Words   |  16 Pages just because it was normal for every other human to have it, I wouldn’t necessarily wish to be fully abled in this way. Whereas a normal person with the use of telepathy may pity a child who was born without it, thinking perhaps that they are unfortunate. This links back to the general outline of a disabled fetus’s quality of life and how it is not just as simple as aborting or keeping the baby, in fact the complexities are endless. Laura Jenkyns introduced an important issue during my interviewRead MoreAustralian Institute Of Health And Welfare2029 Words   |  9 Pagesspent an estimated $140.2 billion on healthcare, accounting for approximately 9.5% of the gross domestic product (AIHW, 2014). Australia has seen substantial growth in the cost of healthcare over the last decade due to an aging population, increased prevalence of chorionic conditions, changes in personal incomes, technology, and other economic trends (AIHW, 2014). Government sources account for the bulk of all healthcare funding, with the Australian Government contributing 42.4%, and state and territoryRead More Gene Therapy Essay2620 Words   |  11 Pagesresulting from multigene defects, somatic gene therapy has been focusing on single-gene defects. It can be approximated that each person carries six defective genes; also, one in ten people have or will develop an inherited genetic disorder. The prevalence of disease caused by single-gene defects motivates a need for continued gene therapy research. There are 2,800 specific conditions known to be caused by mutations in just one of the patient’s genes (Thompson, 2003). Cystic fibrosis, HemophiliaRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe national economy? Arguments that the new migrants are different and less able to assimilate than those in earlier waves often point to the rise in transnational connections and ease of return travel, the expansion of dual citizenship, the prevalence of home-language media, stronger ethnic and racial differences, the emergence of segregated labor markets that block advancement, and the illegal status of many migrants.69 Most of these arguments rest on weak historical foundations. In nations Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesbullies are actually more likely to target their own sex, though to a less dramatic degree than female bullies do. Finally, it does appear that women are more adversely affected by bullying. A recent study of 183 victims of bullying found that the prevalence of trauma was higher for women (49 percent) than men (35 percent). The complexity of these relationships shows us that gaining a true understanding of organizational behavior phenomena often means understanding that the causes and consequences ofRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesBut it has become crystal clear to us that two things are common about a book’s preface. First, it’s usually written for the professor, especially one who’s considering selecting the book. Seco nd, students usually don’t read the preface. That’s unfortunate because it often includes information that students would find useful. As authors, we do listen to our customers. And many of ours have told us that they’d enjoy some input from us. So we’ve written this memo. Our purpose is to provide you withRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagescourses—while important—is not sufficient for management, career, or life success. Going into debt for a formal education or achieving an additional set of letters behind your name without also developing and improving your management skills will be an unfortunate lost opportunity. That is why we feel so strongly that in the management curriculum of universities, students should be exposed to a learning model such as the one we describe here. Our strong feelings, of course, are not based on blind optimism

Human Multi-Tasking Free Essays

string(51) " worsens when the amount of information increases\." Human multitasking is the best performance by an individual of appearing to handle more than one task at the same time. The term is derived from computer multitasking. An example of multitasking is taking phone calls while typing an email. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Multi-Tasking or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some believe that multitasking can result in time wasted due to human context switching and apparently causing more errors due to insufficient attention. Etymology The term â€Å"multitasking† originated in the computer engineering industry. [1] It refers to the ability of a microprocessor to apparently process several tasks simultaneously. 2] Computer multitasking in single core microprocessors actually involves time-sharing the processor; only one task can actually be active at a time, but tasks are rotated through many times a second. With multi-core computers, each core can perform a separate task simultaneously. The first published use of the word â€Å"multitask† appeared in an IBM paper describing the capabilities of the IBM System/360 in 1965. [3] [edit]Research on human multitasking Since the 1990s, experimental psychologists have started experiments on the nature and limits of human multitasking. It has been shown multitasking is not as workable as concentrat ed times. In general, these studies have disclosed that people show severe interference when even very simple tasks are performed at the same time, if both tasks require selecting and producing action (e. g. , (Gladstones, Regan Lee 1989) (Pashler 1994)). Many researchers believe that action planning represents a â€Å"bottleneck†, which the human brain can only perform one task at a time. [4] Psychiatrist Edward M. Hallowell[5] has gone so far as to describe multitasking as a â€Å"mythical activity in which people believe they can perform two or more tasks simultaneously as effectively as one. Others have researched multitasking in specific domains, such as learning. Mayer and Moreno[6] have studied the phenomenon of cognitive load in multimedia learning extensively and have concluded that it is difficult, and possibly impossible to learn new information while engaging in multitasking. Junco and Cotten examined how multitasking affects academic success and found that students who en gaged in more multitasking reported more problems with their academic work. 7] A more recent study on the effects of multitasking on academic performance found that using Facebook and text messaging while studying were negatively related to student grades, while online searching and emailing were not [8]. [edit]The brain’s role in multitasking Because the brain cannot fully focus when multitasking, people take longer to complete tasks and are predisposed to error. When people attempt to complete many tasks at one time, â€Å"or [alternate] rapidly between them, errors go way up and it takes far longer—often double the time or more—to get the jobs done than if they were done sequentially,† states Meyer. 9] This is largely because â€Å"the brain is compelled to restart and refocus†. [10] A study by Meyer and David Kieras found that in the interim between each exchange, the brain makes no progress whatsoever. Therefore, multitasking people not only p erform each task less suitably, but lose time in the process. When presented with much information, the brain is forced to pause and refocus continuously as one switches between tasks. [10] Realistically, this is â€Å"a rapid toggling among tasks rather than simultaneous processing. According to a study done by Jordan Grafman, chief of the cognitive neuroscience section at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, â€Å"the most anterior part [of the brain] allows [a person] to leave something when it’s incomplete and return to the same place and continue from there,† while Broadman’s Area 10, a part of the brain’s frontal lobes, is important for establishing and attaining long term goals. [9] Focusing on multiple dissimilar tasks at once forces the brain to process all activity in its anterior. Though the brain is complex and can perform a myriad of tasks, it cannot multitask well. Another study by Rene Marois, a psychologist of Vanderbilt University, discovered that the brain exhibits a â€Å"response selection bottleneck† when asked to perform several tasks at once. The brain must then decide which activity is most important, thereby taking more time. Psychologist David Meyer of the University of Michigan claims that, instead of a â€Å"bottleneck,† the brain experiences â€Å"adaptive executive control† which places priorities on each activity. These viewpoints differ in that, while bottlenecking attempts to force many thoughts through the brain at once, adaptive executive control prioritizes tasks to maintain resemblance of rder. The brain better understands this order and, as psychologists such as Dr. Meyer believe, can therefore be trained to multitask. [11] Because the brain is an expanse of yet uncharted territory, psychologists do not understand how the brain truly processes input and reacts to overstimulation. Some research sugges ts that the human brain can be trained to multitask. A study published in Child Development by Monica Luciana, associate professor of psychology at the University of Minnesota, discovered that the brain’s capability of categorizing competing information continues to develop until ages sixteen and seventeen. Perhaps if people are trained to multitask at an early age, they will become efficient at multitasking. A study by Vanderbilt University found that multitasking is largely limited by â€Å"the speed with which our prefrontal cortex processes information. † Paul E. Dux, co-author of the study, believes that this process can become faster through proper training. The research team found that with training, the brain can think and perform certain tasks more quickly, effectively allowing time for another task. The study trained seven people to perform two simple tasks, either separately or together, and conducted brain scans of the participants. The individuals multitasked poorly at first but, with training, were able to adeptly perform the tasks simultaneously. Brain scans of the participants indicate that the prefrontal cortex quickened its ability to process the information, enabling the individuals to multitask more efficiently. However, the study also suggests that the brain is incapable of performing multiple tasks at one time, even after extensive training. [12] This study further indicates that, while the brain can become adept at processing and responding to certain information, it cannot truly multitask. People have a limited ability to retain information, which worsens when the amount of information increases. You read "Human Multi-Tasking" in category "Essay examples" For this reason people alter information to make it more memorable, such as separating a ten-digit phone number into three smaller groups or dividing the alphabet into sets of three to five letters. George Miller, former psychologist at Harvard University, believes the limits to the human brain’s capacity centers around â€Å"the number seven, plus or minus two. † An illustrative example of this is a test in which a person must repeat numbers read aloud. While two or three numbers are easily repeated, shown in the beginning straight line, fifteen numbers becomes more difficult, as the line curves. The person would, on average, repeat seven correctly. [13] Brains are only capable of storing a limited amount of information in their short term memories. This ineffectiveness of the human brain for multitasking has been demonstrated in different studies. [14][15][16] Laboratory based studies of multi-tasking indicate that one motivation for switching between tasks is to increase the time spent on the task that produces the most reward (Payne, Duggan Neth, 2007). This reward could be progress towards an overall task goal or it could simply be the opportunity to pursue a more interesting or fun activity. Payne, Duggan and Neth (2007) found that decisions to switch task reflected either the reward provided by the current task or the availability of a suitable opportunity to switch (i. e. the completion of a subgoal). A French fMRI study published in 2010 indicated preliminary support for the hypothesis that the brain can pursue at most two goals simultaneously, one for each frontal lobe (which has a goal-oriented area). [17] [edit]Continuous partial attention Main article: Continuous partial attention Author Steven Berlin Johnson describes one kind of multitasking: â€Å"It usually involves skimming the surface of the incoming data, picking out the relevant details, and moving on to the next stream. You’re paying attention, but only partially. That lets you cast a wider net, but it also runs the risk of keeping you from really studying the fish. â€Å"[18] Multimedia pioneer Linda Stone coined the phrase â€Å"continuous partial attention† for this kind of processing. [19] Continuous partial attention is multitasking where things do not get studied in depth. Rapidly increasing technology fosters multitasking because it promotes multiple sources of input at a given time. Instead of exchanging old equipment like TV, print, and music, for new equipment such as computers, the Internet, and video games children and teens combine forms of media and continually increase sources of input. [20] According to studies by the Kaiser Family Foundation, in 1999 only 16 percent of time spent using media such as internet, television, video games, telephones, text-messaging, or e-mail was combined. In 2005, 26 percent of the time this media was used together. [11] This increase in media usage decreases the amount of attention paid to each device. Today 82 percent of youth use the Internet by the seventh grade, according to the Pew Internet and American Life Project. A 2005 survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that, while their usage of media continued at a constant 6. 5 hours per day, Americans ages 8 to 18 were crowding roughly 8. 5 hours’ worth of media into their days due to multitasking. The survey showed that one quarter to one third of the participants have more than one input â€Å"most of the time† while watching television, listening to music, or reading. [9] The 2007 Harvard Business Review featured Linda Stone’s idea of â€Å"continuous partial attention,† or, â€Å"constantly scanning for opportunities and staying on top of contacts, events, and activities in an effort to miss nothing†. [11] As technology provides more distractions, attention is spread among tasks more thinly. A prevalent example of this inattention to detail due to multitasking is apparent when people talk on cell phones while driving. Talking and driving are mutually exclusive because focusing on both the conversation and the road uses the same part of the brain. [citation needed] As a result, people generally become more concerned with their phone conversations and do not concentrate on their immediate surroundings. A 2006 study published in the Human Factors journal showed that drivers talking on cell phones were more involved in rear-end collisions and sped up slower than drivers intoxicated over the . 08% legal limit. [citation needed] When talking, people must withdraw their attention from the road in order to formulate responses. Because the brain cannot focus on two sources of input at one time, driving and listening or talking, constantly changing input provided by cell phones distracts the brain and increases the likelihood of accidents. [citation needed] [edit]Popular commentary on practical multitasking Multitasking has been criticized as a hindrance to completing tasks or feeling happiness. Barry Schwartz has noted that, given the media-rich landscape of the Internet era, it is tempting to get into a habit of dwelling in a constant sea of information with too many choices, which has been noted to have a negative effect on human happiness. 21] The idea that women are better multitaskers than men has been popular in the media. Recently, a study by British psychologist Professor Keith Laws at the University of Hertfordshire was widely reported in the press to have provided the first evidence of female multitasking superiority. [22] A formal research paper has yet to be published. In another study,[23] fema les were found to perform better at coordinating a primary test with a secondary test (p=0. 007), supporting this notion that females are better at multi-tasking. However, the authors concluded their tests may not reflect real life multi-tasking and that further research was required. Observers of youth in modern society often comment upon the apparently advanced multitasking capabilities of the youngest generations of humans (Generation Y and Generation Z). While it is true that contemporary researchers find that youths in today’s world exhibit high levels of multitasking, most experts believe that members of the Net Generation are not any better at multitasking than members of older generations. 24] However, recent studies by Bardhi, Rohm, and Sultan argue that Generation Y is becoming better at media multitasking. This is evidenced by the fact that they are gaining control over deciding which messages they pay attention to or not. [25] Furthermore, while there is a great deal of evidence showing the negative effects of multitasking on cognitive tasks [26] [27] [28] [29] [30], there is no evidence showing that multitasking has a posit ive or neutral effect on these tasks. **Source: WIKIPEDIA (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Human_multitasking) How to cite Human Multi-Tasking, Essay examples

Gun Control Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Gun Control Argumentative Essay Outline1 What is this article about?2 Introduction3 The Second Amendment4 The Debate5 What exactly should be done?6 Conclusion What is this article about? Nowadays gun control is a controversial problem in the USA. Politicians, scientists, and other experts actively discuss this argument and express opinions related either to a pro-gun control or to an anti-gun control position. Because of the importance and the global scale of the issue of gun control, students are often required to write argumentative essays on this topic to develop critical thinking and reveal the tendencies in public opinion. This article provides a free example of an essay on gun control. It consists of an introduction with an arguable thesis, several main body paragraphs with arguments and examples supporting the thesis, and conclusion. Introduction We will write a custom essay on Gun Control Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Everybody knows that a considerable argument over the place and role of gun control exists in America nowadays. Because of the growing number of tragedies caused by handguns, experts and authorities argue over the right to possess the gun. The main advantage of the gun is the chance for people to save themselves as they can defend themselves from danger. On the other hand, the free use of weapons is sometimes unjustified and can lead to an increase of fatal outcomes caused by violence. The fact is that the increasingly negative tendencies in America show that the policies concerning gun control should be reevaluated and reassessed. The Second Amendment A long time ago, when The United States Constitution was developed, the government constructed a set of rules regulating the most basic rights of the citizens of the United States. These rules were called amendments. They were intended to determine what is acceptable for people living in the United States and what is not. The major part of the Constitution is the second amendment. The history related to this second amendment dates back to the nineteenth century. At that time, the Framers decided to write the articles of the Constitution. The second amendment guaranteed the citizens of the United States the right to carry firearms. In particular, according to the second amendment, people are allowed to use firearms against a threat that can in some way endanger their lives. The Debate While the free use of firearms is intended to protect oneself, handguns are actually often used as the means for an attack. Statistics show that more than 31,000 deaths and much more nonfatal wounds annually are caused by the use of firearms. Unfortunately, the majority of these deaths are related to intentionally violent actions. In America, violence as a cause of fatal outcomes has been growing in recent years, and that is why the debate on gun control is even more important than ever before. People argue whether the use of firearms meets the standards of the existing laws as the number of tragedies proves the opposite. What is more, numerous experts claim that the number of tragic outcomes will be much less than what we have now in the United States if the laws regulate the use of firearms properly. Thus, people call for the government to reevaluate the role of firearms as a protective measure and as a means for an attack and to revisit the regulations of the second amendment. In particular, as the disadvantages of the free use of handguns seem to outweigh the potential advantages, certain restrictions should be developed to protect people from armed violence. The situation will improve if the government proposes certain ways of fighting the excessive gun use and finds new approaches intended to eliminate gun activity. .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .postImageUrl , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:hover , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:visited , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:active { border:0!important; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:active , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Harrison bergeron 2 EssayWhat exactly should be done? As it has already been said, the number of tragedies occurring annually because of the use of firearms shows that America needs stricter laws for regulating gun activity. That is why one should understand what measures can be taken to put end to the excessive gun use with violent intentions. Nowadays, numerous gun rights groups are being created to redefine people’s rights to bear firearms under today’s circumstances. One of the major gun rights group is the National Rifle Association. The members of this group believe that guns are not the objects to be blamed for the final decision of a particular person. What is more, they state that the possibility that one person is carrying a gun is the only factor that can stop another person with a gun. These thoughts show controversy in what the use of handguns actually means to society. Thus, one should carefully reevaluate the existing laws regulating gun use and decide on whether gun control will be risky or beneficial to society at large. For this purpose, there is an importance to define the role of the past and existing regulations on gun use. In particular, the most effective gun control policies include a ban on high-capacity checks, a restriction on certain assault weapons. As for the universal background checks, this policy is rather ambiguous. It implies that all the financial, criminal, and other records of people and organizations are controlled. Particularly, the history of a person buying weapons and his/her mental state is checked. This policy is extremely important as the majority of events involving gun use with violent intentions are related to mentally ill people. Besides, people are checked on drug and alcohol consumption as these are the two factors that can reinforce violent behavior. Conclusion All things considered the permission for the weapon in the United States is a relevant issue that needs to be discussed and solved. Nowadays, as the number of tragedies involving gun use is increasing, people argue that stricter laws and regulations should be created to control gun activity. Opinions differ, and various gun rights group express significant arguments against limiting the right to carry firearms. At the same time, it seems that in this situation, the disadvantages outweigh the possible advantages. Thus, effective ways of approaching the issue of gun activity should be found. For instance, the laws should be based on the existing regulations including universal background checks, a prohibition of high-capacity checks.

The Children of Dynmouth by William Trevor Essay Example For Students

The Children of Dynmouth by William Trevor Essay The Children of Dynmouth by William Trevor, written in 1970 about a small seaside town, is based upon his own childhood home. The opening introduces a story of murder and intrigue. The novel, which I am comparing it with, is Hard Times be Charles Dickens written in 1854. This introduces us to Coketown, a newly industrialised town based upon a visit to Preston. Both novels although distinctive in style and purpose, are very similar in the portrayal of unfulfilled lives. Coketown is both a fictional and functional town, a newly industrialised place with one sole purpose, to make money through production of luxury threads for the countrys wealthiest. The lack of imagination and creativity is due to the political system, which denies the residents the chance to develop individually and does not allow the soul to be expressed. The people seem imprisoned within the town like a bell in a birdcage, life is their work and their work is life. We will write a custom essay on The Children of Dynmouth by William Trevor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now On the other hand, Dynmouth is a dull and monotonous town in which nothing of any great relevance or importance happens, seeming as though it is sidelined from history-shaping events. It is only Dynmouths mysterious past, which brings the story alive. The town, the description of which lacks any kind of modification is a tedious and dying place and it seems only to attract the elderly seeking refuge on day trips. With this in mind Dynmouth although a cosy little place, does not appear to have a very certain future. In many ways Dynmouth and Coketown seem very different. On one hand Dynmouth has retained its past when it was once both a prominent and prosperous place, with only ageing amusements to show for it and in dire need of life and spirit seeming little more than a watering place. Whereas on the other hand the recently developed Coketown, part of the movements of history, has both the prominence and prosperity which Dynmouth lacks. Although there are some very clear differences, there are also an equal amount of similarities. The people living in both these places seem unhappy in their humdrum lives and feel unfulfilled. Their repetitive lives fail to capture their imaginations. Neither town appears to have a soul.

How to Write a Coursework in Business Studies a Full Guide You Always Needed

How to Write a Coursework in Business Studies a Full Guide You Always Needed A coursework is a written project usually carried out over the duration of a term. It may take different forms and be of different sizes depending on the discipline, topic and the preferences of your professor, but its general nature remains mostly the same: it aims to teach a student how to perform independent research. Usually you have to choose the topic yourself (albeit within certain limits), which also serves to increase your level of independence – you have to define the direction of your work, not just follow the instructions of your supervisor. Business studies being a mostly practice-oriented discipline, you will most likely be expected to deal less with theory and more with how to improve a business’ profitability: finding better ways to sell products, predict trends, deal with customers and influence their behavior. Remember: your coursework will significantly contribute towards your overall grade for the course. In many situations, it is just as important as the grade you get for your exam. Make use of it, especially if you know yourself to break down under the pressure of time-limited exams. A coursework gives you an opportunity to show your full potential in a virtually stress-free environment – at least if you approach the task properly. How to Choose a Suitable Topic for Your Business Studies Coursework 1. Take Your Time You will not be asked to select a topic right away, so put the time you have to good use. Before you settle upon something, study the topic you are considering carefully. Check the following: Are there enough information sources covering it? Will you be able to access them? Is there any research that is identical or similar to what you intend to do? Is the scope of the topic feasible? Is it realistic to cover it in an assignment of this size? Is it too narrow or too broad? Is it relevant? Is there a point in doing this research? Is it likely to produce valuable results? If any of these points make you doubtful, better choose another topic or modify what you currently have. 2. Think of Something Genuinely Interesting You will spend an entire term writing this coursework. Whatever enthusiasm you have initially will dwindle away, especially if you hit some roadblocks. Therefore, try to choose something you are enthusiastic about in the first place, or this assignment will turn into torture. 3. Choose Something Measurable Business studies are primarily concerned with practical results. You cannot write about something that is based merely on your ideas or conjectures – you will have to work with measurable metrics and provide facts, statistics and reports as a foundation of your work. So think ahead and decide how you are going to measure your results. 4. Think of Something You Have Already Worked On If you have already done some research or investigative work on a subject that is of interest to you, see if you can think about something related to it so that you can leverage your existing knowledge and experience of working with the topic. Can you look at it from a new or unusual angle? Did you previously encounter some point or points that warranted additional research but weren’t directly related to the assignment you were doing at the time? For example, you’ve written an assignment on the effects of rotating employees between different departments and noticed an interesting relation between this practice as used in some companies and employee retention rates. You can write a more detailed coursework dedicated specifically to this relation. 5. Check the Allowed Topics Although you are mostly free to choose whatever you want, there are still limitations. You may have to stick to a particular general theme. Some topics may be specifically excluded (for example, if there is a later exam on them). 6. Ask for the Supervisor’s Opinion He/she is not supposed to define the direction of your research, but it is completely natural to ask him/her for advice. Prepare some rough drafts of a topic or topics and bounce them off your advisor – he/she will help you add some polish to it and make it more writable. Here are some examples of topics for you to see what you should be looking for: Regulating Workplace Diversity: Existing and Potentially Effective Practices; Cotton Industry in the United States: Its Role Historically and Today; Overqualification in American Industries: Causes, Effects and Potential Implications; The Future of Family-Owned Businesses in the United States; Bullying in the Workplace and Its Effects on Business Effectiveness in Modern America. Before You Start Writing Your Coursework: The Preparatory Phase Even if your coursework is humble in size and is little more than an extended essay, remember its role in your overall grade and treat it accordingly. You cannot just start writing one – this work requires preparation. 1. Prepare the Timeline Even if you are used to waiting until the last possible moment before starting to work on your essays, this approach will spell disaster if you try it on a coursework. It requires too much research to do it in a hurry. First, study the assignment requirements and check the deadlines. Usually there are at least two of them: namely, the dates when you should submit your first and final drafts. Try to estimate how much time you will need to do it, and set aside blocks of time to work on the paper regularly (either a little bit every day or for longer periods every few days) so that you can complete it with time to spare. Do not plan expecting to complete the assignment right before the deadline – delays will happen, so strive to complete the job some time before the final submission date. Do not rely on these deadlines too much – divide your work into parts and assign your own deadlines to them. 2. Gather Your Sources The main purpose of a coursework is to test and enhance your ability to do research, so treat the work with the sources as a crucial part of the assignment, not a formality. Your professor will evaluate the quality of your research as just as, if not more, important as the smoothness of the paper that results from it. The guidelines sometimes mention how many sources you need. If there is no such information, try to use at least three plus one for each page of your coursework. Beyond that number, use as many as you see fit, but remember that you actually have to use them and not just add them to the bibliography to bloat its size. Try to make this list diverse and use different types of sources: books, journal articles, newspaper publications, websites, etc. You can find your first set of sources by singling out keywords related to your research and running some searches using academic databases and search engines. Pay special attention to resources such as EconBiz, EconLit and NBER, as they contain plenty of business-related texts. However, multidisciplinary databases like Google Scholar and JSTOR can also be useful. Run your searches, study the texts that come up, then look through their bibliographies and see if there is more related literature there. 3. Study the Sources By now, you should see who the most important authorities on your chosen subject area – these are the writers with the most publications on it and with the most references in other sources. Start reading up on the subject, paying special attention to them. You do not have to read every word of every book you have gathered, but you should familiarize yourself with at least the most important sources. Make notes – you will have to use quotes in your coursework, so prepare them beforehand. 4. Prepare a Plan Although the structure of your coursework may differ according to the guidelines, usually it is an extended essay and contains the same parts: introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs and conclusion. Note down what you are going to write and where: how to introduce the main topic, how to phrase your thesis statement, in what order to mention the main points and how to connect them to each other, what to pay attention to in the conclusion. You should not be thinking about it as you write – by then, you should simply write up what you have already decided. Writing a Business Coursework: Assignment Structure 1. Introduction By definition, there is no single approved way of writing an introduction – if you find somebody suggesting one and try to follow it, it will make the first lines of your coursework (the most important for general impression) look stilted, artificial and formulaic. Instead, focus not on form but on function. Do everything relevant to lead up to the main point of your argument and grasp the reader’s attention with the first couple of sentences. For example: Start with introducing the main subject and explaining why your research is important; Refer to an authority on the subject; Start with a quote; Offer an unusual or unpopular point of view; Define any ambiguous terms or expressions. E.g., ‘Henry Ford believed that the business success is based on the best quality goods, lowest possible costs and highest possible wages. However†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Your introduction should take about 10-15 percent of the entire paper. 2. Thesis Statement It may or may not be a part of introduction. Either way, its nature remains the same – it is a short expression of the main point of your work. Make sure you do not mix it up with your topic. A topic is what your coursework is about, e.g., ‘Effects of Deregulation on Business Development and Growth’. A thesis statement is a statement on this subject that you make and back up in your paper, e.g., ‘Deregulation has both immediate effect on business’ efficiency and long-term positive consequences for its growth’. A thesis statement should be: Specific. It should express a single point or, at most, two very closely related ones; Short. No more than two sentences – if you cannot boil it down to this, it most likely indicates that your thesis is not specific enough; Clear. There is no place for any ambiguity. 3. Body The main part of your coursework, it should constitute about 70-75 percent of its word count. Depending on the guidelines, it may consist of either body paragraphs or a few sections with subheadings. Either way, the principle remains the same: you should introduce one point per paragraph and accompany it with supporting facts. Add transition words or phrases at the end and the beginning of each paragraph, e.g., ‘therefore’, ‘thus’, ‘so’, ‘consequently’, etc. 4. Conclusion Conclusion should be about 10-15 percent of the entire coursework, and its main role is to recount everything you have said up to this moment and indicate what results your research brought. Have you proved your original point? What findings have you made? What is its importance for the field? What warrants additional research? What are the limitations of your work? Post-Writing Check: Bringing Your Business Coursework to Perfection If you heeded our advice and strictly followed your timeline, you finished writing at least a few days before the deadline and have plenty of time to do further work on your paper. Here is what you have to do before submitting it if you want a good grade. 1. Logic Check While you are writing, you only see one fragment of your coursework at a time. Now you should carefully read the entire paper and see if it makes sense. As you write (especially if it takes a long time) you may forget what you said before and start contradicting yourself, making logic leaps and repeating what you have already said. For example, when speaking about overqualification, you may cite it as a cause of both over- and underemployment in different parts of your work. See if anything of this is true for your text. Double-check everything you doubt. Ask somebody else to read the paper and say if its logic is sound. 2. Word Count Check Guidelines usually limit the length of a coursework, so check again if you exceeded it. Make sure the guidelines directly say if the bibliography is included in the word count – if you misunderstood it earlier, you may have to either cut some parts of your paper or make additions. 3. Proofreading You may use an online tool like Scribens to check your text for grammar, syntax and spelling errors, but do not trust the results too much – it is safer to hire a professional proofreader. Also, do not trust your own ability to notice mistakes – you know your paper too well and are likely to miss something. 4. Formatting Check Check if you followed the instructions of the formatting style assigned to your paper consistently. 5. Bibliography See if it complies with the format. If you use sources of different types, check if you have written all of them correctly – for example, books, journal articles and web publications are cited differently in most styles. Also, see if you have included all the sources used in the paper. A coursework may not be as complex as a thesis or dissertation, but it is likely to be the first piece of independent research you encounter in your life. We hope that this guide answers all your questions.

Archetypal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Archetypal - Essay Example I watched the behavior of all the ‘good kids’ and followed suit – by being careful about my clean white shirt, shiny black shoes, and the tie for all seasons. Moreover, I knew that it was not a good idea to exhibit all my true feelings, especially sadness and fear, which posed a serious threat to my gender and what was expected of it. I am aware that my growing up years were a challenge when it came to the masks I was supposed to wear at various occasions. It was difficult for my ego consciousness to come to terms with the demands of time and space on it and to act accordingly. I was always looking for the right choices, the right persons with whom I could identify and carve a model for the mask that I could wear in the future, on a long term basis. I knew that many of my real role models were to be looked down upon by my elders. So, my real choices had to give way to the more socially acceptable, admirable ones. Though I loved to be like the clowns in a circus or the self-willed animals in the wild (which I watched on TV) who were not expected to follow the rules of civilized human society, I gave up on such rebellious thoughts after receiving unwelcome reactions to such behavior I tried a few times. Then came a phase when it dawned on me that the expectations that one was to fulfill was the price for oneâ€℠¢s happiness and success. It was not fair to ignore my Shadow, which represented at least some of my real needs and longings. But I had to project my Self above that; the Self that wanted to be accepted, and given a chance, to move around in its immediate surroundings and to attain its higher goals. In that way, I was not sacrificing my Shadow, but my ego consciousness was suppressing it at times when it embarrassed me and others. My greatest revelation was that I was not the only one who had a dark side that I kept hidden within my mask. I found

To what extent has female drinking changed in Britain Essay

To what extent has female drinking changed in Britain - Essay Example One of the most prominent aspects of women’s liberation or emancipation and that of the increased financial independence has been the increased rate of female drinking. In other words, the changes in women’s social status have resulted in female drinking habits being changed. â€Å"Women are now drinking more alcohol than previous generations, with the rate of consumption set to increase. Women’s raised economic and social status has resulted in the liberalization of attitudes towards female drinking. The conversion of bars and pubs from primarily male to unisex areas has meant that it is now more acceptable for women to drink without men. The boundaries between male and consumption patterns are also blurring, with women choosing drinks that were once exclusively male.† (World News: Female Drinking on the Increase). This has been a universal fact that the drinking habit of women is increased tremendously. However, the female drinking in the UK has increase d in an alarming pace that it has been often regarded as one of the most captivating issues related to women in the nation. This has been often remarked that in the UK the increase in female drinking has several consequential effects which make the issue even more relevant for discussion. In this paper, the focus has been on the increasing rate of female drinking and its effects on the society. The fundamental question that the paper is concerned with has been to what extent has female drinking changed in Britain and the results of the investigation conducted have wide ranging implications. Female drinking has changed to a great extent in Britain and there are several conditions that made this possible. More and more women get addicted to alcohol these days due to the modern trends in living and social set up. Sophisticated changes in every field can be traced in an understanding of the reasons that increase female drinking in Britain. In the era of liberalization, where women have got more

Features of a Professional Assessment

Features of a Professional Assessment This assignment will focus on addressing the distinctive features of a professional assessment in social work. It will look into the importance of assessment, the assessment process and law and policy which relates to assessment. Finally it will address assessment in practice with regards to two service user groups namely older people and mental health. Assessment is part of the foundation of social work practice, the better the quality of assessment the more effective it would be (McDonald, 2006). Coulshed (1991) describes assessment as analysing process of selecting, organising and synthesising information. McDonald (2006) describes it as an intellectual process, it is a tool used to make sense of information relevant to issues examined. Assessment is used in many different forms and with different service user groups, some forms of assessment include; risk assessment, the single assessment processes and mental health assessments. Assessment is essentially identifying the needs and risks in an individual situation to judge which intervention, services and resources would be most appropriate (Adams, Dominelli and Payne, 2009). The 1990 National Health Service and Community Care Act placed the assessment of community care services as statutory work. This enabled social workers to justifiably claim to be doing statutory work, which n eeded extensive knowledge and to be done quickly (McDonald, 2006). Community care assessment can be a gateway to other services, depending on the level of the patients need. The assessment process varies between social workers because of their social work experience, theoretical orientation of the social worker, the social workers values and the relationship between service user and social worker (McDonald, 2006). Social workers also need certain skills to be able to achieve an effective assessment these include listening and communicating skills, being able to counsel and understand a service users problem, have an insight of other services available to the service user and be able to weigh the risks the service user may face daily against the resources that may be available to the service user (McDonald, 2010) (Harding and Beresford, 1996). The Victoria Climbà © inquiry stressed the importance of assessment (Laming, 2003). If assessment is done properly and as a cycle constantly evaluating Laming (2003) predicts that social work practice and the help given to the family would be more effective. Parker and Bradley (2005) understand that assessment is a continual process and use the ASPIRE model to show how assessment should work. The ASPIRE model stands for assessment, planning, intervention and review and evaluation (Sutton, 1999). This model shows assessment as a process that never stops because service users situations change over time, reviewing and evaluating the situation and continually reassessing helps to discover if the approach taken is effective or if the service user needs a different one in place. Milner and OByrne (2002) have similar recommendations to Laming (2003) they conclude that intervention is more likely to succeed when assessment is effective (Parker and Bradley, 2005). Within any setting assessment involves a number of features according to Milner and OByrne (2002) these include preparation, planning and engagement. The first step involves identifying the main people surrounding the case and then establishing a deadline under which information has to be collected. The next step involves the collection of information. This includes what the individual wants, their problems and information from other sources for example professional statements. The next part of the assessment process involves looking at the data and assessing their needs, by taking into account how they are currently functioning and weighing the risks. The last step involves producing an action plan. This concludes what help is needed, what resources are available and when reviews will take place (Milner et al, 2002). There are a number of policies and guidance which highlight the importance of assessment and the need for them to be used by social workers. The National Health Service Community Care Act, 1990 section 47: Assessment of Needs for Community Care Services is an essential part of the legislation when assessing an individuals needs. Under this section when it appears that any persons for whom the local authority may provide community care or services or may be in need of any other such services the local authority should carry out an assessment of their needs for those services. Upon receiving assessment results the local authority can then decide whether their needs are great enough to be given provision of services. Fair Access to Care Services (2003) guidance understands that consistent access to services should be across the country but provision is prioritised into set criteria according to risk and independence. All local authorities have the same eligibility criteria. However they can come to different decisions. This is guidance not law, so any local authority can decide on the scale the individual would be on before services can be given (Clements, 2004). Features of assessment in relation to older people The NHS plan (Department of Health, 2000) and the National Service Framework for Older people (2001) introduced the single assessment process (SAP). The aim of this process is to provide person centred care to service users and also their carers. Parker and Bradley (2003) concluded that the government produced this new process because historically there were a number of criticisms involving team working within different disciplines. The SAP was produced to prevent questions being needlessly duplicated by different disciplines and to share the information between all and to ensure person centred care. The National Service Framework for Older People was the first wide-ranging strategy that focused on fair, quality health and social care for older people (National Service Framework for Older People, 2001). The aim of person centred care is to ensure all older people are treated individually, that they receive care appropriate to them. Social workers must also take into account anti disc riminatory practice when involved in assessing any individual, the service users decisions must lead the process. Social workers will have previous experience of the assessment process, and possibly of older people in similar situations, its imperative that the service user is safeguarded against direction from the social worker to ensure that the social worker does not lead the assessment. The process must focus on the service users views and perspectives throughout. The SAP involves three broad levels (McDonald, 2010). Contact assessment, which includes individuals who may need support from different services. Overview assessment involves mental, physical and social needs including the impact of their needs on the family and carers this level supports multi disciplinary teams. The last level is a specialist assessment, taken when more understanding is needed regarding an individuals need and how they can meet it. Another assessment available is a comprehensive assessment. This is offered when the older person needs intensive and long term treatment. A comprehensive assessment involves basic details, the category of need, the support network the individual has, current problems, carers views, a risk assessment of their current lifestyle, the individuals current strengths, social network and living situation as well as more extensive information. Assessment uses theory and practice to understand the situations of an older person. It involves problems, risks, needs and resources of the older person. It requires professional judgement to take into account all information to give an opinion, whether the older person needs services and resources to be available for them (McDonald, 2010). When processing an assessment with older people there are key elements the professional must consider. McDonald (2010) suggests that good quality assessments of older people involve specific components. These include using a strengths perspective, the older person still has the ability to know where their problems lie and how they would deal with them using this throughout the assessment identifies their strengths. Another component includes coping skills, as they grow older they focus more on what they can do and less on what they have difficulties with. Focusing on their strengths rather than problems ensures a positive approach to the assessment process. Social workers must ensure anti discriminatory practice takes place, an important component of this is citizenship, it involves the service user participating in decision making. When moving to a care home for example the older persons care plan should involve advocacy so they can continue to make decisions regarding their health and social care, societal changes and their living environment within the care home. Respecting their decisions is a value social workers should have in practice. Social workers need to understand that family and carers needs may be different to that of the older person and these may need to be a priority. The social worker must also tell the older person about the assessment process giving information about why its being conducted and what the aim of the process is. Although the SAP was produced to bring all information together there were criticisms of working with different disciplines. A literature review by Challis, Clarkson, Williamson, Venables, Hughes, Burns and Weinburg (2004) found that there was a lack of trust between disciplines when implementing the SAP. The SAP is a long process and each level takes time that some professionals dont have. Also if the older person is having difficulty they may need to make provisions to enable them to continue with tasks they find difficult until a decision is made regarding resources available to them. However they may not be given the amount of resources and services that the service user expects. Those who are not eligible have needs but are concluded to have not sufficient needs to receive help. These older people are expected to use provisions around them, for example family and friends to help with the problems they face (Henwood and Hudson, 2008). Henwood and Hudson (2008) found that those ol der people who had sufficient money to fund their services felt that they had to discover their own way to find the right services available, having not received the advice and information that other older people going through the assessment process would get. Following from the assessment process the older person then receives an individual care plan. This care plan shows the objectives and outcomes from the support provided. The individual care plan builds on the older persons strengths, how they can address their needs, the older person should also agree to the care plan being implemented. Personalisation is now being introduced in the UK. This new method of assessment involves a self assessment of needs. A Personal budget questionnaire is then completed. This questionnaire is simple and designed to help the older person give information about their needs. The social worker will complete it with the service user and family member. The decision of eligibility is then decided. If they are eligible they will be allocated a sum of money through a personal budget, further assessments would be completed to calculate how much the service user would have to contribute. Once the budget is agreed upon the service user can plan where they want to spend their allocated money on the support they want. Features of assessment in relation to mental health There are a number of different assessments which are involved in the mental health services. Depending upon the individuals circumstances specific assessments would take place. Section 47 of the National Health and Community Care Act (1990) states that any individual who has needs of services under a local authority the local authority must carry out an assessment. A decision then follows this assessment. Depending on the mental health of an individual the assessment would focus on their problems and needs and how they could achieve the best outcomes. Standard 2 of the National Service Framework for Mental Health (1999) specifies that any service user that has contacted their primary health care team with a common mental health problem should have their needs identified and assessed. Previously the Mental Health Act 1983 and the Common law of necessity have been used to assess the needs of individual with mental health problems. Recently the common law has been replaced by the Mental Capacity Act. Assessors within this service now use a broader approach to include the criteria of both the Mental Health Act, 1983 and the Mental Capacity Act, 2005 (Barber, Brown and Martin, 2009). Mental health assessment involves a broad scope of information to collect. The Mental Health Act considers the mental disorder, the nature of the disorder, whether the person or others are at risk, the type of treatment necessary for example if the individual needs hospitalisation or if its possible to use community based mental health services and if its possible to give services without the individual being hospitalised (Barber et al, 2009). Its much less intrusive to the individual if it is appropriate for them to receive care in their community rather than going into hospital and because of the stigma attached to using a section 2 or 3 of the Mental Health Act any social worker or professional in this setting would chose community care if they could. Assessment with regard to the Mental Capacity Act draws upon information involving the impairment of the individual, the age of the individual, the individuals capacity of making decisions and if the care they would receive would be a deprivation of liberty (Barber et al, 2009). An assessment under the Mental Health Act can be done compulsorily when there is a mental disorder, or if it is in the patients safety or health and to protect others. Before the assessment takes place the social worker should look into previous history and liaise with other professionals involved in the case. Depending on whether you use a section 2 which last 28 days or a section 3 which lasts up to 6 months a team is needed to admit the individual. When assessing under these sections the social worker must ask questions regarding evidence of mental illness and the risk towards the individual or others, if the patient consents to informal admission or if there are alternatives to hospitalisation. A Care programme approach assessment may be offered when an individual leaves an inpatient psychiatric unit or uses a community mental health team. This assessment is encouraged as all aspects of care are co-ordinated by one person. The assessment involves personal history, social situation, description of the illness and symptoms and length of treatment and what the individuals needs are. The care programme approach incorporates four specific elements, as defined in Building Bridges: a guide to arrangements for inter-agency working for the care and protection of severely mentally ill people (DOH, 1995). These elements include the assessment of health care and social needs. The formed care plan, the appointment of a key worker who has a responsibility to monitor the care of the service user and the last element includes regular reviews of the care given and if needed how to adapt the care because of changes of need. Mental health assessments are complicated because of individuals complex situations assessing risk and needs as well as resources available. Social work practice must encompass a number of strategies when undertaking assessment for it to be effective. The care programme approach enables social workers to focus on the individual directing through all aspects of care and co-ordinating their care when the assessment process is finished. The social worker is constantly receiving information including guidance from governments, evidence from research and literature. There is only vague guidance on how to undertake the assessment of the individual, even though assessment is so important because the results will undeniably affect the individuals life for the upcoming future for a substantial amount of time. Social workers must balance risk, resources and the individuals needs whilst undertaking the assessment, a process which can be very intricate and complicated when an individual has diverse needs and their risks are so great. However as social workers reflect on their previous assessments they will take away a strong idea of what works and this over time will help make assessments more effective. Assessment is vital within social work and the features of assessment differ depending on the type of service the social worker is within. However within any service the assessment process still requires similar techniques including individualisation and citizenship and being open and honest. Many reports and papers have shown that when assessment is done correctly and uses an ecological approach which covers society and familial relationships as well as at an individual level then the assessment process will be more effective.

Human Trafficking and how the Global Community can Mitigate the Practice Essay

Human trafficking is a type of illicit trade in humans which is carried out globally for the purpose of sexual slavery or exploitation and forced labor. It is one of the most booming business and fastest growing criminal enterprise around the world. The most affected population is women and children and the global community is charged with the responsibility of responding urgently to issues related to human trafficking. A number of approaches can be utilized by the international community to curb the problem of human trafficking. The most important approaches include the human rights approach, enhanced research into the problem of human trafficking, encouraging international judicial and the police cooperation as well as the community integration in the fight against human trafficking and providing support and assistance to victims of human trafficking (International Organization for Migration, 2008). One of the approaches that can help mitigate human trafficking is the human rights approach where the root causes of human trafficking such as patriarchal structures and gender based violence need to be brought into the limelight. These elements have been shown to favor several incidents of human trafficking particularly among the women. Policies and legislation on equal opportunities can help strengthen and protect the social and legal position of children and women and address gender and age discrimination. Support programs should be stepped up to strengthen efforts of fighting poverty and marginalization among vulnerable populations such as the girl child and women (Morrison, 2010). The global community should be keen not to confuse the fight against human trafficking with the fight against illicit immigration as there is need to scrutinize ways of increasing gainful, non-exploitative and legal migration of labor for the purpose of globalization. Education provision to vulnerable groups and creation of campaigns among the targeting clients can help reduce human trafficking (Morrison, 2010). The global community can combat human trafficking by encouraging research which will provide sufficient data and form a starting point of tackling the problem. Extensive research will indicate the scale of human trafficking and the mechanisms of exploitations. Information on human trafficking should be made available and this information should be shared bilaterally and multilaterally in order to facilitate good research on the problem (UNGIFT, 2009). Research on counter-trafficking responses will form a crucial component of combating human trafficking. This research will examine the reasons why clients of trafficked humans prefer the trade and check ways on solving the clients’ requirements. There should also be an extensive research that will focus on the needs of the vulnerable groups who mainly include women and children (UNGIFT, 2009). Another approach that can be used by the global community to combat human trafficking is the judicial and police cooperation which include the fight of corruption, checking on the investigative methods, exchange and specialization measures and legislative recommendations. The law should always ensure that there is protection of the witnesses and the victims, prohibit prostitute exploitation, ban illegal work and regulate national territory residence so as to combat such trafficking. There should be an introduction of adequate penalties into international and national legislation for such crimes that involve trafficking and other related offenses. Confidential and parallel investigation of the suspected traffickers’ financial affairs should be followed when identifying, sequestrating and confiscating the assets and proceeds of the human traffickers (UNGIFT, 2009). These should be legal provisions which may include the financial institution taking the legal duty to disclose any suspected transaction of money laundering to the agencies of law enforcement. However, the financial institution should not disclose any police enquires into the affairs of the suspect’s finances. The international community should ensure that states have legislations to assure the victims the right to secure and seek compensations for the harm and injuries they suffer during trafficking. Additionally, there should be direct contact between the judicial authorities and effective service of law enforcement for the purpose of speeding up information exchange in investigation process and having mutual legal support (UNGIFT, 2009). The approach of victim assistance and protection can help combat human trafficking. There should be an establishment of sufficient study and research to identify the trafficked victim and the traffickers’ profiles. This may include the design of key indicators of trafficking design matrix which can be used by the border personnel and the front-line police to assist them in distinguishing between the irregular migrant and the trafficked victims. The victims have to be provided with access to the support measures of all ranges such as shelter, sexual, psychological and physical health support and care. There should also be legal, social and independent health counseling to equip them with skills which will ensure that they avoid any future human trafficking predisposing factors (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007). The global community can play a major role in combating incidents of human trafficking. This can be done by setting up rules and proving enabling environment that will discourage such crimes in the society. The approaches which look into the needs of both the traffickers and the trafficked individuals tend to strike a balance between caring both the offended and the offender as both are members of the community. Several organizations such as the United Nations have so far invested efforts to fight human trafficking although the cases of the illegal trade continue to be reported. This calls for more integrated approach which will involve the community, the victims and even the criminals of human trafficking.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Budgets

Before beginning to comment on the usefulness of corporate budget, it is important to know what is the meaning and purpose of budget for a corporation. A budget is basically a financial planning tool which the organization uses to plan its expenses from the revenue. A budget is a comprehensive summary of the planned expenses and revenues of an organization which is used throughout the year.The main purpose of making a corporate budget is to forecast the revenues and expenditures so that particular strategies and events can be undertaken to achieve similar financial performance (Kemp & Dunbar 2003). The budgeting also enables the organization to compare the actual financial performance of the business against the forecast.Corporate budget is the annual budget compiled by the organization and is different from the start-up budget. It is a budget which is compiled by the finance department of an organization after every department contributes its expected revenues and expenses.This way a final corporate budget is drafted through the considerable effort of various people and technology in the organization and this serves as a financial plan for the new financial year (Shim & Siegel, 2008). The actual financial performance of the company in numbers is compared to the forecasted numbers and if this matches reasonably then this means that budgeting is of good use for the business.But if the actual numbers diverge considerably from the expected numbers then this means that budgeting is not useful for the company and business is not going in the intended direction. Budgeting is basically a tool organizations use for planning and controlling their organization’s financial performance.Previously, this task was mostly centralized but with changing times it has become a company-wide effort with all the managers and employees contributing to the final budget.The traditional method was the bottom-up approach in which the every department provides its expected revenues and request expenses which are then accommodated into the corporate budget but this approach is now being integrated with the top-down approach to budgeting where the top management defines the strategic objectives and then the budget is prepared by departments.What usually happens is that budgeting and forecasting starts with the previous year’s numbers which are incorporated into the new budget.But business are adopting strategic business planning where budget planning is based on the annual company’s objectives and then the budget is planned accordingly to achieve the desired goals for example, the objective is to increase the sales by 10% then more revenues and expenses are forecasted to achieve the increased sales objective (Society for HRM, 2005).This essay will first start by providing some advantages and disadvantages of budgeting done in organization. Then the statements provided are discussed in the light of these advantages and disadvantages. In the final se ction, an organization’s budgeting procedure is critically analyzed and reviewed.Before analyzing the statements regarding budgeting, the following paragraph provides some knowledge on the advantages and disadvantages of corporate budgeting.The first and foremost advantage of budgeting is that is that it forms a link between the management and resources by compelling the former to think about the future of the organization so that plans are set out for each department to achieve the targets.Secondly, budgeting is a source of communication from the top management to the department heads and managers about what is expected from them thus, promoting coordination between the two. Budget also serves as a yardstick with which actual financial performance is compared and measured.When there is a variance then it promoted remedial action. It is a way of identifying resources and requirements and providing guidelines to the departments so that they proceed in the right direction. Mana gers are able to focus on the specific plans as outlined by the budget so that they can be achieved within the estimated time and resources.When employees are given a chance to participate in the budget proposals then they become motivated and more productive. Proper budgetary planning can also ensure that resources are allocated productively, competitively and profitably resulting in cost reductions (Putra, 2008).There are also various drawbacks and problems attached to budgeting within organizations. The first problem to budgeting is that it pressurizes the managers to achieve the targets forcing them to do gaming in order to take advantage of the rewards or due to the fear that the funds will be reduced.Those managers can take the rewards that set for them easy goals but those managers can be penalized who set for them difficult but ambitious goals. Quality and customer service might deteriorate when the organization is striving to meet the budgetary targets and not the quality t argets.There are also bad labor relations due to budget pressures and conflicts arise between departments due to disputes over resource allocation and blames are thrown over each other when targets are not achieved. Due to budgeting managers sometimes overestimate the costs as well so that if there is any over expenditure then they are not blamed (Hope & Fraser, 2003).  Recently organizations have turned against budgeting. This is because the forecast are very different from the actual results obtained at the end of the year because a business is subject to a lot of internal and external changes throughout the year.With things changing so rapidly in the environment, nobody can closely predict what will be the position of the business after one whole year. At the end of the year it seems that planning and drafting the budget was a useless task and waste of time serving no purpose (Jensen 2001).Top management is often not able to take right decisions when there seems an environmenta l opportunity due to planned budget constraints. They want to carry on the business according to the planned budget and therefore, overlook the opportunities available at some time in the year.Few corporations have stopped this activity at all thinking that planning budget is a waste of precious organizational resources and time which can be spent elsewhere productively.Non-profit or governmental organizations usually do not use budgets for their planning since such organizations do not work earning revenues and therefore, no planning is required (Whiting 2000). However, few non-profit organizations do plan their expenses so that they can arrange for the required amount of funds through charity or grants.But there are some profit organizations as well who have realized with the passage of time that budgeting especially traditional form of budgeting is a waste of time and resources distorting decision making in fast changing environment (Merchant 1981).Examples include Rhodia, a Fren ch global specialty chemicals company which dispensed budgeting entirely in 1999, Borealis, a Danish petrochemicals company which abandoned budgeting in 1995 and Volvo, the Automaker which also abandoned budgeting considering it as time consuming and waste of resources.Budgeting is not common in smaller organization because they don’t know how to use budgets to plan their financial performance and goals (Rachlin 1999).The article titled ‘Why budgeting kills your company?’ explains in a very concrete manner how budgeting actually consumes organization’s financial and human resources which could have been employed elsewhere productively (Gary 2003). It says that the average billion dollar company spends around 25000 person-days per year in drafting the budget whereas this could have been utilized in increasing the shareholder return.Many organizations have begun to question the usefulness of traditional form of budgeting and are finding alternative ways for properly aligning the spending with strategy along with reduced time and resources (Bogsnes 2008). Today business of the entire world are facing tough times with the world economy in recession therefore, it is imprudent to justify increased costs for businesses due to budget planning (Schaumann 2007).While planning the budget the top management is mostly seen in cutting expenses even if it is damaging the high-performing units while only sustains the underperforming ones. The resources are not allocated towards the high performing and deserving projects due to budget planning. Some experts believe that budgeting should be dispensed all together and decisions regarding it should be placed with the employees who are in direct touch with the customers.The entire budgeting process takes a considerable length of time where first each department produces sales and capital needed forecast, then meetings are held to discuss the budget requests and for making the final decisions, budget book s are produced after months of meeting and this all together can take around six months and 20% of the management’s time (Gary 2003).Budgeting has become an expensive, time-taking and frustrating task for organizations because it is more like a fixed performance or implicit contract (Neely, Bourne & Adams 2003).And the thing that worsens budgeting even further is that financial incentives like career prospects and bonuses are attached to such contracts if the goals are achieved.Because of these financial incentives, managers and heads of department are pressurized to achieve the desired targets often resulting in distortion, misrepresentation and gaming on part of the most honest employees.Managers become schemers since they put a proposal of 50% more than the required budget because they know that they’ll be argued down by the senior management to the desired level (Belkaoui 1994). Moreover, managers also start spending too much if their spending does not match the fo recasted expenses due to the fear that if there is anything left over then their next year funding will be reduced.